Which of the following describes quantitative methods?

Quantitative methods are characterized by their use of numerical data to analyze and understand phenomena. They involve the collection of measurable data that can be represented in numbers, which allows for statistical analysis and comparisons. This approach is essential in research where the aim is to quantify relationships, behaviors, or perceptions within a population.

The focus of quantitative methods is on the transformation of research findings into numerical indicators that can be statistically tested, making it easier to identify patterns, make predictions, and draw generalizable conclusions. This aspect of turning data into numbers is what fundamentally distinguishes quantitative methods from qualitative approaches, which involve more descriptive or textual data. Hence, the emphasis on numerical indicators in this answer accurately captures the essence of quantitative methods in research.