Which factor influences an individual's self-esteem the most?

Reflected appraisals significantly influence an individual's self-esteem because they involve how we perceive the evaluations and opinions of others about us, particularly those we consider important or trusted. This includes feedback from family, friends, teachers, and peers, which shapes our self-concept and feelings of worth. When individuals receive positive reflected appraisals, such as praise or recognition from others, it can enhance their self-esteem. Conversely, negative reflections or criticisms can lead to a decrease in self-esteem. This process underscores the social nature of self-esteem, illustrating that our perceptions of others' views can strongly impact how we see ourselves. While personal achievements, peer assessments, and personal goals can also affect self-esteem, the influence of reflected appraisals is foundational, as it ties closely to social interactions and relationships that help form our identity and self-worth.