Which factor does not influence identity according to the reflected appraisals concept?

In the context of the reflected appraisals concept, the factor that does not influence identity is self-initiated personal development. This concept centers on how individuals perceive themselves based on the feedback and messages they receive from others.

Reflected appraisals suggest that our self-perception and identity formation are largely shaped by how we believe others see us. This involves the messages received from peers, family, and society—factors that are external and shape our understanding of ourselves. Additionally, views expressed by important individuals, such as parents or mentors, play a critical role in shaping identity through their perceived appraisals of our worth and abilities. Community expectations and beliefs also contribute to identity by establishing a social context within which individuals navigate their self-concept.

In contrast, self-initiated personal development is an internal process, where individuals take action to develop and define their identity based on personal goals and introspection. This process, while significant for personal growth, does not align with the reflected appraisals framework, which emphasizes the influence of others in shaping how we see ourselves. Thus, it is not considered a factor that influences identity according to this concept.