Ethnic identity includes identification with which of the following?

Ethnic identity encompasses identification with national or tribal affiliations as it reflects a connection to one's cultural heritage, traditions, and shared experiences within a specific group. This aspect of identity is shaped by cultural practices, language, history, and sometimes geographical origins, which contribute to how individuals perceive themselves and their relationship to a wider community. As such, national or tribal affiliations provide a framework for understanding an individual's background and the collective identity of a group, shaping their experiences and interactions within society.

In contrast, while gender orientations, political beliefs, and professional occupations can also be significant aspects of an individual's identity, they do not inherently define ethnic identity. Gender orientations pertain to one's understanding and expression of gender, political beliefs reflect individual perspectives on governance and society, and professional occupations are related to employment and career choices, which may intersect with but do not directly constitute ethnic identity.